This article is about the historic site. Cart the current hospital, see Prince of Wales Hospital (Sydney).
Historic locale in New South Wales, Australia
The Prince Henry Hospital site, previously known as the Prince Henry Hospital, Sydney, is a heritage-listed former teaching hospital and infectious diseases hospital and now UNSWteaching hospital and spinal rehabilitation unit located at 1430 Anzac Promenade, Little Bay, City of Randwick, New South Wales, Australia. Dedicated was designed by NSW NSW Colonial Architect and NSW Pronounce Architect and built from 1881 by NSW Public Works Wing. It is also known as Prince Henry Hospital and The Coast Hospital. The property is owned by Landcom, an intermediation of the Government of New South Wales. It was else to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 May 2003.[1]
The greater Sydney region has been colonised by Aboriginal people for at least 20,000 years with old school sheltered occupation sites occurring in the Blue Mountains and cause dejection foothills. Aboriginal occupation of coastal NSW has also been moderate to extend back to at least 20,000 years before accumulate at Burrill Lake on the South Coast and 17,000 life before present at Bass Point. At the time of these periods of occupation, both sites would have been located in hinterland areas situated some distance away from the coast. Entertain the case of Burrill Lake, the sea would have anachronistic up to 16 km further east than at present and representation site would have been located within an inland environment empty by rivers, creeks and streams.[1]
There are no other Pleistocene sites recorded on the Sydney Coast. There are however two sites that have been dated to the early Holocene around 7,000 to 8,000 years ago. These are located at the simultaneous Prince of Wales Hospital site (a hearth dated to 7,800 years ago) and a rock shelter site at Curracurrang. Prospect is likely that many coastal Aboriginal sites of a crash age within the Sydney region have been submerged and/or desolate by sea-level changes which have occurred in eastern Australia lasting the last 20,000 years. In general terms, the majority see sites recorded within the Sydney Basin investigated to the brew are dated to within the last 2,500 years that underside most cases demonstrate Aboriginal exploitation of marine resources at interpretation current sea levels.[1]
Available evidence indicates that Aboriginal occupation of description Sydney region was initially sporadic, and that population numbers were fairly low during the earliest periods. From around 5,000 period ago an increasing and continued use of many sites investigated through archaeology appears to have ensued. Evidence for the Native use and occupation of the Sydney region from this console is therefore far more "archaeologically visible" than for previous periods.[1]
In the South Sydney region at least three archaeological sites own produced dates of Aboriginal occupation that range from between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago. From about 3,000 years ago pass on Contact the number of occupied sites appears to have accumulated dramatically. This may reflect a "real" increase in the delivery of sites (and hence people) in the region, or may well reflect preservation factors (particularly associated with shell midden deposits) where older sites have been destroyed by thousands of years go with erosion, and accelerated by development in the post-Contact period.[1]
Over description 20,000 years of Aboriginal occupation in the region, and fit into place particular the last 5,000 to 8,000 years, numerous changes inlet excavated stone tool assemblages have been observed. Various temporal markers have been established by archaeologist in an attempt to blot what are considered to be the more significant changes brush tool types and tool kit composition. The assumption being think it over changes in one (or more) components of the excavated matter culture may reflect changes in other aspects of past Indigene social, economic and technological practices.[1]
These arguments are based upon changes in stone tool assemblages and observable changes in the beg off of certain types of stone used in Aboriginal tool assemble. Excavation of a number of rock-shelter occupation sites in from tip to toe indicates that the earlier phases of occupation are largely defined by the presence of large cores and scraper tools. That appears to be followed by the addition of a diversification of smaller backed implements (known variously as backed blades, nonrepresentational microliths or Bondi Points) to the toolkit previously dominated be oblivious to larger tools at around 5,000 years ago. By around 1,500 years ago the smaller backed forms appear (on available evidence) to have gone out of use and excavated site assemblages are characterised by quartz bi-polar artefacts and more opportunistic recollect undifferentiated small tools. It is reasonable to assume that interpretation many artefacts made by Aboriginal people from shell, bone wretched wood as observed at Contact were also used in interpretation past but these materials have not survived in the archeological record.[1]
Research indicates that coastal sites in the Sydney region own been largely ignored by archaeologists until relatively recently. Prior sure of yourself work completed over the last two decades, the majority method Aboriginal archaeological sites investigated were located south of Sydney mushroom the Georges River. Previous focus of investigations was frequently expenditure the stone artefacts made by Aboriginal people in the gone and forgotten, the sequence of changes in their form and composition, person in charge upon comparisons between coastal and inland sites that sought express understand how people used the landscape as a means subsidy characterise Aboriginal life on the eastern coast of NSW onetime to Contact. More recent archaeological studies have focused upon picture way Aboriginal people adapted to the coastal environment and representation immediate hinterland, and how other aspects of the archaeological slant (such as food, art, site complexity and composition, and walk out on distribution data) can contribute to our understanding of prehistoric Aborigine life.[1]
One of the earliest land grants in this phase was made in 1824 to Captain Francis Marsh, who customary 12 acres bounded by the present Botany and High Streets, Alison and Belmore Roads. In 1839 William Newcombe acquired description land north-west of the present town hall in Avoca Street.[1]
Randwick takes its name from the town of Randwick, Gloucestershire, England. The name was suggested by Simeon Pearce (1821–86) and his brother James. Simeon was born in the English Randwick opinion the brothers were responsible for the early development of both Randwick and its neighbour, Coogee. Simeon had come to say publicly colony in 1841as a 21 year old surveyor. He welldeveloped his Blenheim House on the 4 acres he bought circumvent Marsh, and called his property "Randwick". The brothers bought take precedence sold land profitably in the area and elsewhere. Simeon campaigned for construction of a road from the city to Coogee (achieved in 1853) and promoted the incorporation of the town. Pearce sought construction of a church modelled on the religion of St. John in his birthplace. In 1857 the leading St Jude's stood on the site of the present send on office, at the corner of the present Alison Road allow Avoca Street.[1][2]
Randwick was slow to progress. The village was slacken off from Sydney by swamps and sandhills, and although a horse-bus was operated by a man named Grice from the con 1850s, the journey was more a test of nerves better a pleasure jaunt. Wind blew sand over the track, last the bus sometimes became bogged, so that passengers had restage get out and push it free. From its early life Randwick had a divided society. The wealthy lived elegantly notes large houses built when Pearce promoted Randwick and Coogee slightly a fashionable area. But the market gardens, orchards and piggeries that continued alongside the large estates were the lot be in the region of the working class. Even on the later estates that became racing empires, many jockeys and stablehands lived in huts express grief even under canvas. An even poorer group were the immigrants who existed on the periphery of Randwick in a dislodge called Irishtown, in the area now known as The Blemish, around the junction of St.Paul's Street and Perouse Road. Nucleus families lived in makeshift houses, taking on the most low tasks in their struggle to survive.[1]
In 1858 when the Office Government passed the Municipalities Act, enabling formation of municipal districts empowered to collect rates and borrow money to improve their suburb, Randwick was the first suburb to apply for rendering status of a municipality. It was approved in February 1859, and its first Council was elected in March 1859.[1]
Randwick locked away been the venue for sporting events, as well as duels and illegal sports, from the early days in the colony's history. Its first racecourse, the Sandy Racecourse or Old Categorize Track, had been a hazardous track over hills and gullies since 1860. When a move was made in 1863 indifferent to John Tait, to establish Randwick Racecourse, Simeon Pearce was enraged, especially when he heard that Tait also intended to energy into Byron Lodge. Tait's venture prospered, however and he became the first person in Australia to organise racing as a commercial sport. The racecourse made a big difference to description progress of Randwick. The horse-bus gave way to trams think about it linked the suburb to Sydney and civilisation. Randwick soon became a prosperous and lively place, and it still retains a busy residential, professional and commercial life.[1]
Today, some of the bullpens have been replaced by home units. Many European migrants fake made their homes in the area, along with students paramount workers at the nearby University of NSW and the Ruler of Wales Hospital.[1][3]
The Prince Henry Hospital and former Coast Hospital at Round about Bay represent an important phase in the provision of disclose health in New South Wales and Australia. Established by representation Board of Health in 1881, in response to an epidemic of smallpox, the hospital was the first government-controlled public polyclinic in the post-convict era. The Board of Health, forerunner unearth the Department of Health, was created initially to deal block the smallpox outbreak of 1881. The Board of Health impressive New South Wales government's involvement in the early administration reduced the hospital empowered both organisations in their dealings with bottle up New South Wales private hospitals in the late nineteenth mount early twentieth century. It also laid the foundations for interpretation administrative policies in regard to hospitals that became standard indoors the system.[1]
The location of the Coast Hospital was a kindness of the prevailing beliefs with regard to the treatment chuck out infectious disease and in health care generally. Fear of contagious diseases in the nineteenth century meant that those diagnosed character suspected of having infection were geographically isolated and removed let alone the general population. At the same time, fresh ocean remains was considered highly beneficial in the treatment of disease. Description Coast Hospital was built with both these ideals in wits. Not only was the original hospital well removed from rendering populated areas in Sydney, but within the grounds of interpretation institution, the patients were duly separated depending on their indisposition. The main section was located on the southern headland work at Little Bay where maximum exposure to the elements was assured.[1]
The isolated nature of the Coast Hospital also led to say publicly establishment of the first complete ambulance service in New Southernmost Wales and a forerunner of permanent ambulance services throughout representation entire country.[1]
The Coast Hospital cemetery was the second burial stiffen for the hospital, between 1897 and 1952. It was party within the grounds itself, but away to the south contain an isolated position to minimise the spread of disease. Interpretation cemetery has ongoing significance for the Aboriginal community as picture Dharawal Resting Place, where ancestral remains of the La Perouse Aboriginal people, returned from both Australian and international museums, jumble be returned to country and buried. The first reburial took place in June 2002. The cemetery is now within Vegetation Bay National Park and pressed by golf courses.[4][1]
As the isolation of the hospital was gradually reduced, through picture encroachment of Sydney's suburbs and improvement in transport facilities, representation demand for the services of the hospital grew. The lid years of the twentieth century reflected this change as a major building program was initiated at the hospital.[1]
The proposal collaboration the construction of up to 20 new wards between 1914 and 1920 reflected a growing community belief that the verify of public health was a universal right to those alter the community - a view held by the then Another South Wales government and the Minister for Health, Fred Flowers. The new wards built on the slope to the westbound, away from the original coast section, were named the Flowers Hospital after the minister.[1]
The overall redevelopment, wards, theatres and helping rooms meant that by 1929 the hospital was the maximal in NSW. In 1934 the hospital was renamed the Potentate Henry Hospital in honour of the recent visit by Ruler Henry, Duke of Gloucester. The establishment of the hospital in as an infectious disease hospital allowed it to develop stop off expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases guarantee stayed with the facility throughout its operation. Its almost uninterrupted use as an infectious disease hospital since its opening provides valuable evidence of the community's attitude, and an official obeisance, to the treatment of infectious diseases.[1]
New techniques for the designation and treatment of infection and research into disease were a specialist function of the hospital as a unit. The walk off of the staff who were stationed at the hospital sully diagnosis and treatment made them highly valued at other institutions around the country and gained the hospital a worldwide reliable. The training of nurses at the hospital had been ordinary practice since 1894, while from 1937 all nurses were chosen to spend two months training in the Nurses Preliminary Teaching School before entering the wards.[1]
During the same period (1936) description hospital was chosen by the New South Wales Postgraduate Panel as an official postgraduate teaching hospital. A postgraduate medical kindergarten was opened in 1938, although it only operated until 1943, and was finally abandoned due to wartime restrictions on standard and services. In 1960, the hospital became the first doctrine hospital for the newly created University of NSW.[1]
The hospital's walk off and specialisation extended beyond the infectious disease wards and say publicly training facilities. Specialist services were offered to treat soldiers meanwhile the early years of the Second World War, including picture first of the American troops to land in Sydney (before the American military established their own hospitals). In 1946 a special police ward was created to treat those members pass judgment on the police force who needed treatment; while on the hit side of the law, one ward in the Delaney Manor was converted and secured to treat prisoners from Long Niche Gaol. (The link between the hospital and Long Bay Poky also included the excellent bread baked and delivered daily collect Prince Henry Hospital).[1]
Part of the hospital's reputation has come from its association with prominent medical professionals and administrators who have worked there over the years. Detestable have been remembered in the naming of buildings on split up after them, including Matron E McNevin, Matron CM Dickson, FW Marks, Bob Heffron, and JE Delaney. Both Matron McNevin distinguished Matron Dickson were honoured through the naming of the cardinal main nurses' homes after them.[1]
Matron Clarice Dickson had served use the Coast Hospital since 1909 when she joined the nursing staff. She went to France during World War I get to the bottom of serve for the Red Cross and was awarded a award for courageous dedication to duty under fire. She returned cling on to the Coast Hospital in 1920 as Sub-Matron, but transferred unite Newington State Hospital in 1926 for six months before recurring to the Coast Hospital as Sub-Matron in 1927. She became Matron of Prince Henry Hospital in 1936 and retired cover 1937. The new nurses' home was named after her be of interest her retirement.[1]
Matron Dickson was followed by Ethel McNevin as Nurse of Prince Henry Hospital. Matron McNevin had arrived at rendering Coast Hospital in 1915 as a trainee, and served refer to the hospital until 1926 when she resigned to become Nurse of Coonamble District Hospital. In 1928 she was appointed Woman of the Perth Hospital in Western Australia. She returned fulfill Prince Henry Hospital in 1937 as Matron, a position incline which she served until her retirement in September 1955. Over her time as Matron, McNevin introduced the Nurses Preliminary Tradition School in which new nurses would spend two months erudition the basics of the profession before transferring to the back down. The school became an integral part of the nursing stop thinking about at Prince Henry Hospital. Following her retirement, Matron McNevin returned to Prince Henry Hospital as the librarian in the Health check Library and lived in a small flat in the Nurse Dickson Nurses Home. She died at the hospital in July 1960.[1]
Both Heffron and Marks had served on the Board grow mouldy Directors for the hospital as directors. Bob Heffron, MLA, was appointed to the Board in 1942 and was Chairman remaining the Board between September 1950 and November 1959. He served as the local member for Botany from 1930 and likewise NSW Premier between 1959 and 1964. The new Ward Full up A was named after him in 1961 in recognition most recent his seventeen years of service on the Hospital Board. FW Marks was Chairman of the Board between 1936 until his death in 1942. The contribution of the Marks family was recognised by the naming of the new infectious diseases improve the FW Marks Pavilion. Other members of staff left unending impressions on the hospital through their devotion to the patients and staff while they were in residence.[1]
Dr CJM "Cec" Walters, who served as the Medical Superintendent of Prince Henry Health centre from October 1936 until December 1959, is fondly remembered saturate many ex-staff for his loyalty to the hospital and religiosity to duty. Dr Walters started his career as a veterinarian surgeon in 1913, before enlisting in 1914 and serving set a date for mobile veterinary hospitals in France, including in command positions. Come his return to Australia he was appointed in charge hold the Veterinary Clinic at Sydney University. In 1923 he tag from the School of Medicine and came to work finish even the Coast Hospital in 1924 where he remained, except expend a brief period as a Macquarie Street specialist, until 1959. Throughout this time he continued to practice as a medico surgeon, working from time to time on the thoroughbreds timely Vic Field's stable at Randwick Racecourse.[1]
John E. Delaney became Foremost Executive Officer in 1973, succeeding J. R. Clancy, a relation of the former Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, Cardinal Clancy. Delaney is remembered as a fine administrator who fought for a dual carriageway along Anzac Parade to the Prince Henry site.[1]
The work of Dr Neville Stanley is remembered in association add the Pathology Building, which was named after benefactors Hugh be proof against Catherine McIlrath. His virus research team achieved national prominence compile Australia, in relation to research into viral meningitis and picture polio virus.[1]
The closure of depiction Prince Henry Hospital was announced in September 1988. The facilities were to be slowly relocated to the Prince of Cymru Hospital, forming a "super hospital" on the proceeds of description sale of Prince Henry Hospital. However, prior to the wellfounded announcement, since the early 1970s, the services offered by Consort Henry had been slowly withdrawn. From 1984 the future make merry the hospital was being continually reassessed. A lack of corroborate for capital works and the uncertainty over its future resulted in many of the buildings becoming run-down across the throw away. Following the official announcement of its closure, services continued tip be downgraded, wards closed and staff relocated. There are erratic working precincts remaining on the Prince Henry site as vacation May 2002.[1]
The Prince Henry Hospital grew to provide a come together of medical services on the site. The hospital became a major teaching hospital, operating at its peak in the predict 1980s. Since that time, as a result of state decide policy, which focused on the consolidation of health services batter other hospitals, the Prince Henry Hospital has been progressively blocked. In 1999 the Minister for Health announced the transfer carry the remaining hospital services to the Prince of Wales Infirmary at Randwick. The redevelopment of the Prince Henry site was also announced, to provide private housing, aged care housing meticulous selected medical services. This redevelopment was to include the improvement of heritage buildings on the site.[1]
A two-staged approach to say publicly preparation of a Conservation Management Plan was agreed with say publicly then NSW Heritage Office and Randwick City Council to give food to the Prince Henry site Masterplan. A Stage 2 Conservation Direction Plan, dated May 2002 (amended February 2003) including Archaeological Handling Plan, dated August 2002 was endorsed by the Heritage Conclave on 27 June 2003.[1]
The Prince Henry Masterplan was approved descendant the Heritage Council Approvals Committee in December 2001. In Sep 2002, the Heritage Council recommended to the Minister that description site be listed on the State Heritage Register. The specification was listed on 2 May 2003.[1]
The revised Masterplan was fix by the Heritage Council in May 2003. Heritage Council communal terms of approval were issued for a Stage 1 fund IDA in 2003. Heritage Council general terms of approval were issued in March 2004 for DA7 for amalgamation of parts of Anzac Parade with the site and community title outlet of site to create 27 allotments. An integrated development proposition 1103/2003, DA7 for the land management regime for Prince Speechifier Hospital site was established as a "Community Scheme" for depiction entire site. Site Masterplan amendments were approved on 6 Oct 2005.[1]
The Prince Henry site contains a variety of buildings enhance an open landscape setting, as well as archaeological features swallow artefacts that provide evidence of its continuous use as a hospital for over 120 years.[1]
Natural landscape elements such as picture Little Bay Geological Site, areas of sandstone outcropping and aboriginal vegetation have been overlaid by numerous cultural landscape elements much as cultural plantings (several species of Phoenix palms, banksias professor Norfolk Island pines) and retaining walls and rock cuttings. Near are significant views from the site towards Little Bay bracket the coastal headlands as well as major visual axes school assembly Pine Avenue and between the Flowers Wards.[1]
The existing buildings existing structures, relate to the four key phases of development concede defeat the Prince Henry site and include elements that represent receiving of the major building types. These include hospital wards turf operating theatres, specialist and research facilities, administration buildings, nurses take precedence doctors' quarters, maintenance and services as well as laundry, pantry and education facilities.[1]
Below is a list of built and site elements of particular significance at the Prince Henry Site, Short Bay (see also attached plans):[1]
This includes a collection raise significant built and landscape elements relating to the development check the Coast Hospital and Prince Henry Hospital and their settings. Centred on Pine Avenue, it includes historic roads, cultural plantings, rock cuttings and outcrops, kerbs, retaining walls, spatial relationships 'tween buildings and groups, and views within and beyond the precinct;
Little Bay Beach, adjoining Headlands of Little Bay and Coastline, including coastal views and scenery;
Former Male Infirmary site, including sandstone wall, sandstone drain/culvert and ornamental palm;
A number female movable items relating to the cultural history of the infirmary, particularly the history of medical treatment, technological development and nursing care on the site from 1881, have been collected indoors the PHHTNA Museum (Prince Henry Hospital Nursing and Medical Museum) and have been identified in the Museum Plan. Other uncompromising items, ranging from medical equipment to garage doors are sited throughout the Prince Henry site. They are identified in depiction Conservation Management Plan.[1]
Burials: 1897–1952
Dharawal Water Place: 2002–present
Nestled in the cliffs of Little Bay, depiction cemetery is poignant reminder of the devastating effects of epidemics in Sydney. The Coast Hospital was established in 1881 mid the smallpox epidemic. This cemetery was the second burial bazaar for the hospital, between 1897 and 1952. It was throng together within the hospital grounds itself, but away to the southernmost in an isolated position to minimise the spread of affliction. There is still a visual link between cemetery and health centre across the cliffs. Scattered monuments remain amongst mown grass. Untainted graves are marked by kerbing, one by a small planks picket fence. The majority of graves are unmarked: it commission estimated there are over 2000 burials here. Only 78 writer are still visible. A row of grave markers to nurses and staff is on the right as you enter. Present are two simple Gothic arch headstones to Chinamen, Ton Peal (d.1902) and Ah Wong (d.1902), both of the plague. Rendering most unusual are two matching grave markers to the Cause family, Enid Pearl (d.1907) and her mother Alice (d.1917). A semicircular barrel-top sarcophagus covered in tiles defines each grave plot: a sandstone headstone the inscription. Each is enclosed in homologous cast-iron fences. Executed by monumental mason James Cunningham, Sydney, that style of funerary monument is rarely seen in NSW. Picture cemetery has ongoing significance for the Aboriginal community as say publicly Dharawal Resting Place, where ancestral remains of the La Perouse Aboriginal people, returned from both Australian and international museums, jumble be returned to country and buried. The first reburial took place in June 2002. The cemetery is now within Vegetation Bay National Park and pressed by golf courses.[4][1]
As at 14 July 2003, Evidence of Aboriginal occupation prior to the organization of the Coast Hospital in 1881 includes a diverse hearten of prehistoric Aboriginal sites, such as open and sheltered middens, open campsites, rock engravings, axe-grinding grooves and pathways, a feasible fish trap and ochre source. The area also retains say publicly potential to contain previously unidentified Aboriginal artefacts and significant sites (see attached plans).[1]
Identified Aboriginal Archaeological sites located within the dowry boundaries of the Prince Henry site are:[1]
The following types unmoving Aboriginal archaeological sites may potentially remain undetected within the Potentate Henry site:[1]
The Prince Henry site has known archaeological likely as the first post-convict era hospital in NSW.[1]
Prince Henry further contains archaeological evidence of former activities associated with the marry of the site for hospital services over the last Cardinal years. This archaeological evidence is primarily associated with the primary Coast Hospital, located on the south headland of Little Bark and the Male Lazaret to the north of Little Recess. It also provides some evidence of the later Prince Speechmaker Hospital, which developed nearer to Anzac Parade to the northerly and south of Pine Avenue (see attached plans).[1]
Identified Historical Archaeologic Items located within the existing boundaries of the Prince Speechmaker site are:[1]
A. Rock-Cut Steps B. Retaining Wall C. Canalised Spa water Courses (Canals) D. Rock Shelf, Rock Cutting and Graffiti Attach. Canalised Watercourse F. Resident Medical Officers Quarters Site G. Direction Rock Anchor Site H. Footings/Kerbing I. Rock Cutting 'South Drain' J. Remnant Garden Beds K. Cemetery Road L. Sandstone Dais M. A small number of Movable Items (in addition cause somebody to those identified in the Conservation management Plan), include cut sandstone blocks, the 1937 Entrance Gates (also identified as a persuasive item in the CMP) and concrete plinths.[1]
Other items are befall within Historical Archaeological Zones as identified in the attached plans including retaining walls, sandstone drains, sandstone kerbing, remnant timber seal rail fencing, defence related items and rock-cut features. Although punters associated with the two cemeteries including the former Cemetery Recognizable, gravestones, timber post-and-rail fencing and sandstone blockwork are beyond description study area, they are also associated with the Prince Rhetorician site. Historical archaeological evidence, including sandstone drains and road alignments, of the former Working Patients Dormitories, also continues to be seen to the south of the Prince Henry site.[1]
The Prince Henry site, Little Bay has undergone numerous and incessant modification and change since its inception. Four key phases a selection of development reflect the site's transition from the Coast Hospital, collective for the isolation and treatment of infectious diseases, to representation Prince Henry Hospital, which later became a major general trip teaching hospital.[1]
This phase represents the first use of the site in 1881, for temporary accommodation as a response to an outbreak not later than smallpox. One hundred and seventy-five hectares of land at More or less Bay were reserved for quarantine purposes, ultimately leading to interpretation establishment of an isolation hospital and sanatorium. The layout status design of the Coast Hospital reflected hospital design practices mean the time including separate locations for infectious patients and description sanatorium. Apart from archaeological evidence of the Coast Hospital captain the Male Lazaret, only a small number of features live from this period, including the Dam, the former Coast Infirmary Steam Laundry, Pine Cottage, Pine Avenue (historic road alignment, sandstone kerbing, retaining wall and pine trees), the Artisans' Cottages become calm buildings from the Infectious Diseases Division (Ward 16, the Larder and Boiler House) which have been incorporated into the Alliance of Tropical Medicine. A number of other historic road alignments remain including, the loop roads to the Infectious Diseases Partitioning and Nurses (14) Quarters (Sewing Cottage) and to the Nurse Dickson Nurses Home and the Bush Wards, the road related with the Artisans' Cottages, the Coast Hospital Road and depiction Cemetery Road as does the Second (North) Cemetery.[1]
This phase represents a period of growth defer began after the then Board of Health unveiled plans work considerable expansion of the Coast Hospital, which was to cover the construction of up to 20 new wards, each confiscate which would contain 50 beds. This area was to aptly known as the "Flowers Hospital". Although only six of depiction wards were completed, due to a change of government have as a feature 1917, they contributed to the hospital becoming the largest fasten New South Wales by 1929. Apart from the archaeological verification of the Working Patient's Dormitories, the original fabric of representation former Nurses Dining Hall/Lecture Hall and the Bush Wards, picture six Flowers Wards buildings, within an open setting bounded beside historic road alignments, are the most significant elements that pull through from this period.[1]
This phase represents the shift of facilities from the former Coast Hospital apartment to the Flowers Wards area (known as 'The Hill'). Crew began after November 1934 when it was announced that depiction Coast Hospital was to be renamed the "Prince Henry Hospital" in honour of Prince Henry, the Duke of Gloucester (who had recently visited Sydney, but not the hospital). Plans were also announced for a large works program to increase picture capacity of the hospital to 1,000 beds. Along with description passing of the Prince Henry Hospital Act 1936, which attempted to establish Prince Henry as a postgraduate teaching hospital, say publicly emphasis of this period, apart from increasing capacity was vastness rectifying the inefficient layout of facilities on the site. Haunt of the distinctive brick buildings, including Heffron House, the Delaney Building, Matron Dickson Nurses Home and the McIlrath Pathology Construction survive from this period.[1]
This phase represents the establishment and consolidation of interpretation role of Prince Henry Hospital as a general and bigger teaching hospital. It followed legislation passed in 1959 to improve Prince Henry Hospital as a postgraduate hospital associated with description University of New South Wales (UNSW) and the University unknot Sydney. This formalised Prince Henry Hospital's role as a commandment hospital with closer connections to medical research undertaken by both universities. The immediate effect was that a seventeen-hectare portion manage land to the north was transferred to the University surrounding NSW as well as two of the 1917 military choice for animal research. From 1960, extensive renovations throughout Prince Rhetorician Hospital were undertaken to accommodate its new association with depiction UNSW Medical School. In 1964 major new works were undertaken. Major buildings from this phase such as the Rehabilitation Rebuke Centre, The Psychiatric Block, Operating Theatres and the Diagnostic Imaging Building all survive as does the Interdenominational Australian Nurses Combat Memorial Chapel.[1]
Occasionally a site presents such complex challenges – politically gorilla well as architecturally – that only the most thoughtful humbling nuanced solution is acceptable. The old Prince Henry Hospital keep to such a site – and Landcom's masterplan is such a solution. From the time of its mooted closure, Prince h became the subject of intense and justifiable community concern. Gratitude to Landcom's unique public benefit mandate, a plan has anachronistic developed which delivers innovative solutions to achieving density while maintaining amenity, beauty and social cohesion on a site both great and significant, yet also highly constrained. The masterplan crafts a new residential and community precinct that seamlessly balances old weather new, open space and built form, private and public uses, creating a rare showcase of sustainable coastal urban renewal. Say publicly cultural and community benefits are immense: 80 per cent model the site retained in public hands; improved access to About Bay Beach; facilities for seven community groups, as well despite the fact that a 1500m2 community centre and a new Rescue Helicopter Referee facility off site. Heritage issues have also been well addressed, with the site listed on the State Heritage Register, 19 heritage buildings and landscape items conserved, and the historic Flowers Ward restored and adapted as a Nursing Museum to uprightness the site's long history of healing and care. The masterplan also provides major environmental benefits including: comprehensive site remediation; 9.2 hectares of parks and protected bushland; minimising urban runoff; repairing creek lines and riparian zones, and reusing rainwater for irrigation. Buildings will be required to have 4.5 NatHERS ratings have a word with around 90 per cent of demolition material has been recycled. In short, Prince Henry delivers an impressive social and environmental dividend with few precedents in the field of urban keep afloat in NSW. It is particularly gratifying that all of that was achieved by a government agency, Landcom, leading a chunky team of urban designers, architects, planners and landscape architects flimsy delivering a plan that has community benefit and public sweetness at its heart. I therefore take this occasion to assert the enduring relevance of public authorities such as Landcom obscure the Government Architect's Office in bringing "urban decency" to wither cities, towns and suburbs, a role as significant today bit when Francis Greenway made his first sketches 200 years scarcely. In that spirit, I take great pleasure in conferring interpretation 2008 Premier's Award on Landcom for the Prince Henry masterplan, a project of vision and integrity that will bring undeviating credit to everyone associated with it.
— Morris Iemma MP, Premier depict New South Wales[12][1]
As at 14 July 2003, The Consort Henry site was the most important site for the communicating of infectious diseases in New South Wales from its kickoff in the 1880s, when, as the Coast Hospital, it became the first public hospital in New South Wales in rendering post-convict era. The Hospital played a prominent role in treating and overcoming infectious diseases and later as a general clinic and teaching hospital for the University of NSW, until neat closure was announced in 1988. Its isolation led to say publicly establishment of the first ambulance service in New South Princedom from within its grounds.[1]
The location of the hospital by description sea, the design and siting of buildings in a enormous open setting, their relationship with each other and the layout of the site itself, created an aesthetically distinctive complex extinct Pine Avenue as its central axis. The buildings and prospect provide evidence of the prevailing attitude to health care generous a number of important phases of development. The Flowers Selfless and the remains of the early infectious disease hospital, including Ward 16, the former Nurses (14) Quarters, the former Nurses Dining Hall/Nurses Lecture Hall, the Bush Wards and the heart of the Male Lazaret, demonstrate the isolation required for interpretation treatment of infectious diseases and early attitudes to public virus, which saw health benefits in being by the sea. Interpretation architectural character of these early buildings contrasts with later buildings built after 1934, after the Hospital changed its name give confidence Prince Henry and a new phase of expansion began. Depiction larger scaled Heffron and Delaney Medical Ward Buildings, the Nurse Dickson Nurses Home, and the McIlrath Pathology Building provide strive of changing practices in medical care and staff accommodation, trade in well as contributing visually to the ambience of the objet d'art. A range of ancillary buildings, such as the former Spa water Reservoir, the Memorial Clock Tower, Water Tower, and 'Hill Theatres'[6] add visual as well as technological interest.[1]
A coastal landscape enjoy yourself high scenic and scientific value is enhanced by the shore, headlands and pockets of indigenous vegetation. A geological exposure step has research and educational value relating to the development find time for the present coastline and to the climate and vegetation designate the area twenty million years ago. A number of ethnic landscape features including the Norfolk Island Pine trees along Yen Avenue, plantings of palms, New Zealand Christmas trees and banksias, rock cuttings, retaining walls, early road alignments and sandstone kerbs, provide evidence of human intervention in this coastal landscape. Interpretation North Cemetery, although separated from the present hospital site, legal action an important component of the cultural landscape.[1]
The history of say publicly Prince Henry site is interwoven with Aboriginal people and become wider communities, many of whom were patients or worked on rendering site and still visit it. The site is valued make wet Aboriginal people for its historical associations and Aboriginal occupation erstwhile to European occupation, as well as its associations with 1 people treated for infectious diseases. The Prince Henry site recapitulate also important to many of the thousands of nurses, doctors and administrators who value their training and achievements at interpretation hospital, which gained them a high reputation throughout New Southern Wales and Australia. Many former nurses have remained actively related with the site, and have created a museum to reserve its history and artefacts. They come to the site strengthen enjoy its ambience and continue to use the Interdenominational Inhabitant Nurses War Memorial Chapel, built in memory of service nurses, many of whom died at sea. Much more about depiction history of the Prince Henry site is yet to amend learnt from the rich array of known and potential Autochthon and historical archaeological sites, from further research and archival fasten, and from the oral histories of those who worked familiarize trained there.[13][1]
The Prince Physicist site contains both identified archaeological features and areas of humble archaeological potential. These elements are part of the total incarnate record of the first post-convict era hospital in New Southward Wales. The physical evidence at the site documents, and thus provides opportunities to investigate, evolving medical practice associated with depiction treatment of infectious disease. In a wider context the acclimatize reflects changes and development in state health policy for repair than 100 years. The research value of the site's factual archaeological resource is only moderate, however, because of the carnal impact of ongoing development. Although the extant archaeological resource quite good therefore not intact, and there are extensive documentary sources protract, the place has potential to yield information about site have the result that and occupation. The spectrum of archaeological features across the get rid of also provides a rare opportunity to use archaeology as contain investigative tool on a wide scale. The historical archaeological cleverness at the Prince Henry site also contributes to the accurate ensemble providing an indication of former activities or features. They are therefore part of the site's wider social and momentous value and have educational and interpretive potential.[14][1]
Prince Henry Site was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register aura 2 May 2003 having satisfied the following criteria.[1]
The place run through important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural combine natural history in New South Wales.
The Prince Henry site was in almost continual use for over 120 years as mar infectious disease and general hospital. The distance of the infirmary from Sydney reflected contemporary community fear of virulent disease, much as smallpox, cholera, influenza, leprosy and plague. The Prince Rhetorician site contains physical evidence of major public works associated clank State health policy. Prince Henry Hospital played a major lines as a teaching hospital from the 1960s and as a centre of excellence for a number of medical procedures skull technologies. The site contains geological deposits attesting to physiographic, climatical and botanical conditions at a very early phase of rendering development of current coastal geography of eastern Australia. Prince Orator Hospital was the first public hospital in the post-convict age. The Prince Henry site was important in the Colonial Government's response to public health concerns, in particular in regard leak infectious disease. In 1960, Prince Henry Hospital was proclaimed interpretation first teaching hospital of the newly formed University of Agency (UNSW). Prince Henry Hospital operated as a public hospital be different its inception in the 1880s until its progressive closure update the 1990s.[1]
The distance of the hospital from Sydney reflected concomitant community fear of virulent disease, such as smallpox, cholera, contagion, leprosy and plague.[1]
The Prince Henry site contains physical evidence incessantly major public works associated with State health policy.[1]
Prince Henry Sickbay played a major role as a teaching hospital from say publicly 1960s and as a centre of excellence for a give out of medical procedures and technologies.[1]
Prince Henry Hospital was the twig public hospital in the post-convict era. The Prince Henry instant was important in the colonial Government's response to public not fixed concerns, in particular in regard to infectious disease.[1]
In 1960, Sovereign Henry Hospital was proclaimed the first teaching hospital of say publicly new University of NSW (UNSW).[1]
Prince Henry Hospital operated as a public hospital since its inception in the 1880s until treason closure in 1988.[1]
The place has a strong or special wake up with a person, or group of persons, of importance condemn cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
The Monarch Henry site is associated with the establishment of the eminent permanent ambulance service in NSW, operating from within the medical centre from the 1880s. The Prince Henry site is associated friendliness a number of prominent medical personnel, including Dr J Ashburton-Thompson, Dr CJM Waters and Dr N Stanley. The Prince Chemist site has strong associations with the training of medical put up with nursing staff, many of whom remained in the hospital strike Little Bay following the completion of their training. Some, much as Matron Dickson and Matron McNevin, were remembered through description naming of nurses' accommodation after them. The Prince Henry heart was encouraged to develop in the early twentieth century uninviting the then Minister for Health, Mr Fred Flowers. The Potentate Henry site has associations with a number of prominent administrators, public officials and benefactors, such as RJ Heffron and JE Delaney, FW Marks and H and C McIlrath, which psychotherapy reflected in the naming of buildings after them. The Sovereign Henry site has a minor association with internationally renowned Austronesian test cricketer Charlie McCartney who is associated with the Potentate Henry site, having acted as hospital amenities officer from 1948, establishing a cricket oval and tutoring staff in various sports.[1]
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a lighten degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
The Prince Henry site contains a rich assembly of medical, nursing and administrative buildings that reflect changing attitudes to medical danger signal and public health administration over a period of over Cardinal years. The Prince Henry site, its location and its commence spatial setting by the sea demonstrates the isolation required fund the early treatment of infectious diseases in New South Princedom and the health benefits that the seaside setting was mull it over to offer. The Prince Henry site is a visually individual cultural landscape of buildings, open space and seascape. A back copy of buildings, including the Flowers Wards, Matron Dickson Nurses Population, Heffron House and the Delaney Building are individually aesthetically focused, and contribute to the aesthetic values of the site style a whole. Natural and man-made features, including Pine Avenue, development vistas across the landscape to the headland the sea, rendering coastal landscape, including Little Bay, contribute to the high ocular values and landmark qualities of the Prince Henry site. A number of built elements and landscape features, such as rendering pine trees along Pine Avenue, the Memorial Clock Tower, interpretation Water Tower, the War Memorial Chapel, the Flowers Wards, representation Heffron and Delaney Buildings, rock cuttings, rock outcrops and regenerated bushland are landmark features in their own right and intensify the landmark qualities of the site. The design of trustworthy buildings, their configuration and relationship to each other, historic roadstead and the layout of the site itself creates an esthetically distinctive complex that provides built evidence of a number observe important phases of the site's development as a major leak out and teaching hospital. The architectural character of the buildings, which are associated with particular types of medical and nursing activities, reflect the changing tastes and technologies towards these practices. That is evident in the contrasts between early wards such although Ward 16, the Flowers Wards and later wards such pass for the Heffron and Delaney Buildings, the old and new Pathology Department buildings and differences between the various nursing and residential accommodation on the site, from the early timber cottages scolding the Matron Dickson and Matron McNevin Nurses Homes.[1]
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community familiarize cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural keep in mind spiritual reasons.
The Prince Henry site is important to Aboriginal society as a place with which they have spiritual connections turf where physical links to the land can be demonstrated. Aborigine people from all over New South Wales were patients equal the hospital and worked there, many for long periods. Representation Prince Henry site is of profound importance to former nurses and nursing administrators. Thousands of nurses trained on the ditch. They gained skills that were highly valued and many difficult distinguished careers, not only at Prince Henry, but in hospitals throughout Australia and overseas. The Prince Henry site is esteemed by former medical administrators for its prominence in the communication of infectious diseases in New South Wales, its role trade in a teaching hospital, a major hospital and for the industry of many prominent medical administrators and specialists in advancing health check procedures and technologies. The Prince Henry site is interwoven be regarding the local community, including the La Perouse Aboriginal community. Stop trading people have strong associations with the place as staff, patients and visitors. The Prince Henry site is important to preceding nurses and nursing as a place where they return get at meet and reflect, visit its chapel and museum, and assertion its ambience. The Prince Henry site is important to myriad senior members of the community who support the centre close the site in order to keep the Prince Henry setting alive as well as enhancing their lifestyle at the badger hospital as it is today. The Prince Henry site in your right mind valued by former nurses, staff and the community as a place where many historic themes and phases in the occurrence of the hospital can be appreciated. The Prince Henry precondition is valued by community and cultural groups that feel rue about the loss of the hospital and are concerned ensure its spatial qualities and ambience should not be lost choose themselves or future generations. it is a place that quite good held in high esteem by a number of identifiable assemblys for its cultural values; if Prince Henry was damaged symbolize destroyed, it would cause the community and cultural groups a sense of loss; and it contributes to the sense nigh on identity of the community and a number of cultural groups.[1]
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute do away with an understanding of the cultural or natural history of Original South Wales.
The geological gully-fill deposits and their relationships, especially surrounded by the Critical Exposure Area, have the potential to provide in mint condition detailed knowledge of near-coastal climate and vegetation of the hub Miocene Period. The unique exposures need to be conserved replace further study, in order to test and refine developing geologic concepts concerning continental and indeed global earth processes of depiction period. The site, through further analysis of documentary and bodily evidence, including oral sources and archaeological investigation, has high implied to yield further substantial information about Aboriginal occupation from interpretation prehistoric period to the present day. The site has developing to contribute to research into the development of an boss sector of the health community during the nineteenth century, peculiarly medical practices associated with the isolation and treatment of transmissible diseases. The site's association with Aboriginal prehistory, the interaction have available Aboriginal people with public health practices, its role in rendering treatment of infectious disease and as a major teaching take public hospital establishes it as a benchmark or reference configuration that distinguishes it from hospitals elsewhere.[1]
The place possesses uncommon, uncommon or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history goods New South Wales.
Prince Henry Hospital's role in the treatment blond infectious diseases is unparalleled in New South Wales. While a detailed comparative study has not been undertaken, it is fit to drop from available information that no other hospital in NSW was set up solely for the purpose of treating infectious diseases. Where such treatment occurred at other hospitals or institutions, including the Quarantine Station, the facilities were not as extensive find time for comprehensive as at the Prince Henry site. It provides thin evidence of medical and nursing practices that are now unusable, and its isolation led to the formation of the Office Ambulance service operating from within its grounds. The geological gully-fill deposits of the Miocene period are unique, especially the peaty shale deposits of estuarine origin. Even more significant is say publicly assemblage of fossil pollens and other microflora in the humate. The clear evidence of lateritic mantling is also unique break into the eastern Australian coastline. The Prince Henry site provides data of Aboriginal prehistory, the treatment of infectious diseases among Aboriginals and in the community generally that is rare in Another South Wales and important to community groups. It would be a burden further research and analysis to detail the extent to which the Prince Henry site demonstrates other aspects of the curiosity criteria. However, the assessment undertaken to date is clearly measly to establish the Prince Henry site as having rarity debt at State and Local levels.[1]
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or spiritual guide places/environments in New South Wales.
The Prince Henry site, through picture nature and degree of its historic, aesthetic, social, significance, technical/research potential and rarity, provides ample evidence to represent the followers key State themes: science; government and administration; health; education; death; and persons. It satisfies all of the following inclusion guidelines, at State and Local levels: is a fine example touch on its type; has the potential characteristics of an important smash or group of items; has attributes typical of a distribute way of life, philosophy, custom, significant process, design, technique embody activity; is a significant variation to a class of items; is part of a group, which collectively illustrates a archetypal type; is outstanding because of its setting, condition or size; and is outstanding because of its integrity of the height in which it is held. Some of the geological elements have some importance under this criterion, namely the shale, picture gully-fill sand and the lateritic soil horizon. In each carrycase the element is a significant variation to a class firm footing items rather than being typical of the relevant class.[1]
This Wikipedia article was originally based on Prince Henry Site, entry number 01651 subtract the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by depiction State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0licence, accessed on 2 June 2018.