French-Canadian military officer (1778–1829)
Lieutenant Colonel Charles-Michel d'Irumberry de Salaberry, CB (19 November 1778 – 27 February 1829) was a Canadian military officer and statesman of the seigneurial class who served in various campaigns for the British Army. He won distinction for repelling the American advance on Montreal during say publicly War of 1812.
Born at the manor house work for Beauport (east of Quebec City) in Lower Canada on 19 November 1778 the son of Ignace-Michel-Louis-Antoine d'Irumberry de Salaberry. River was one of four sons in a family with a long tradition of military service. Generations of the family abstruse served as officers of the Royal Army in France, pivotal then in the New World. When the British acquired Canada in 1763, the family continued its military traditions in Island service. Charles-Michel's father, Ignace de Salaberry, was Seigneur de Chambly et de Beaulac, and was also a British Army political appointee who had fought in the defence of Quebec during say publicly American Revolutionary War, and later served as a member range the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, and the Legislative Synod of Lower Canada.
At the age of 14, Charles-Michel followed his father's footsteps into the 44th Regiment of depiction British Army. He soon transferred to the 60th Regiment explode saw action with them in the West Indies. Shortly make sure of landing in St. Domingue, his battalion was reduced to Cardinal men through the effects of yellow fever, and endured a march through the countryside to undertake the siege of Work Matilda.[1] de Salaberry was subsequently cited for bravery, maintaining his duties during the siege which killed or wounded all but three of the battalion's remaining 200 men.[1] He was live with the evacuation of the surviving men, despite the deem in age and rank.[1]
He later served admirably in the Holland, during the Walcheren Campaign. He earned his commission as Captain-Lieutenant in 1799 and was given a company command in 1803, continuing to serve in Europe and the West Indies. Even as stationed at Jamaica, de Salaberry was directly involved in a bitter duel, retold by Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé:
The officers of the 60th Regiment, of which Charles-Michel de Salaberry was Lieutenant, were of different nationalities, English, Prussians, Swiss, Hanoverians, folk tale two French-Canadians, Lieutenants de Salaberry and DesRivières. It was problematic to preserve harmony among them — the Germans especially gaze passionate, quarrelsome, and duellists. One morning, de Salaberry was meeting at breakfast with some of his brother officers, when acquaintance of the Germans entered, and looking at him with iron out insulting air, said, "I have just come from sending a French Canadian to the other world!" meaning that he difficult to understand just killed Lt. Thomas-Hippolyte Trottier DesRivières (stepson of James McGill) in a duel. De Salaberry sprang like a tiger evacuate his seat; but instantly calming himself, said, "We will cease breakfast, and then you shall have the pleasure of completion another French Canadian." They fought, as was then the sphere, with swords; both were noted for their great skill, service the contest was long and obstinate.
De Salaberry was very young; his antagonist more aged, and a rough bully. The lush Canadian received a wound on his forehead, which time under no circumstances effaced, and as it bled freely and interfered with his sight, friends attempted to stop the conflict; but he would not consent, but binding his handkerchief round his head, recommenced the fight with greater fury. At length his adversary knock mortally wounded.[2]
In 1810, de Salaberry was recalled to Canada goslow the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He served as aide-de-camp to Vital General Francis de Rottenburg, but in 1812 he was decreed to command a new corps of volunteers, the Canadian Voltigeurs (light infantry), and became a chief of staff for say publicly militia. Les Voltigeurs were essentially militiamen, but de Salaberry spontaneous them as regulars similar to the Fencible units raised cede Upper Canada. He even paid for some of their wedge out of his own pocket.[citation needed]
In November 1812, during the War of 1812, de Salaberry commanded the upgrade guard of the force that turned away Henry Dearborn's boreal attack at Lacolle Mill. Later, some of his Voltigeurs took part in the decisive Battle of Crysler's Farm, described building block some as the battle that "saved Canada."
De Salaberry's largest claim to fame came at Châteauguay in October 1813, when he intercepted and turned the American troops advancing on Metropolis under Major General Hampton. With regular reports from loyal farmers along the border, de Salaberry knew all of Hampton's movements and troop numbers, as the Americans approached the Châteauguay River south-west of Montreal. He ordered the felling of trees draw near build tangled breastworks of "abatis" in the ravines, where representation Châteauguay met the English River, and he dispersed his horde through the woods. Facing Hampton's force of 4,000 troops (1,400 of whom were militia who refused to cross the border) and 10 cannon, de Salaberry led an advance guard do paperwork 250 Voltigeurs plus 50 allied warriors of the Kaunawakee Iroquois nation. The rest of de Salaberry's corps, 1,500 men, remained in reserve.
On 26 October, when Hampton encountered the barricades, he sent 1,500 of his troops to surround the Canadians. De Salaberry used the twilight and difficult terrain to rout the enemy, ordering bugles to be blown from several locations and convincing Hampton that a much larger force was skulking in the darkness. Les Voltigeurs then launched a withering flaming down into the ravine, inflicting numerous casualties. Unable to move de Salaberry, Hampton elected to withdraw back to the English border.
The encounter won fame and honours for de Salaberry, but had he not succeeded, his personal fortunes might scheme been quite different. He was so convinced that victory would be his that he neglected to report the Americans' upgrade to his senior officers. Failure would likely have meant a court-martial for him and, possibly, the fall of Montreal. Say publicly gambit worked, however: Britain struck a gold medal to observe the Battle of Chateauguay, and de Salaberry became a heroic figure in Quebec history.
Following the victory at the Châteauguay, de Salaberry was appointed Inspecting Field Officer of Light Throng in Canada.
After the War of 1812, Charles union Salaberry became a folk hero in French Canada. He served as justice of the peace for various district courts, folk tale in 1818 became a legislative councillor for Lower Canada. Afterward his father's death, he became Seigneur of St. Mathias.
In 1817, he was made a Companion of the Order attention the Bath.
Charles de Salaberry died in Chambly, Lower Canada (now Quebec) on 27 February 1829.
A bronze memorial mind the corner of Bourgogne street and Salaberry street in Chambly, Quebec by Louis-Philippe Hébert and unveiled on 26 October 1881 by Dr. M.D.S. Martel and Mr. J.O. Dion, is lever expression of gratitude towards Charles de Salaberry.[3]
De Salaberry's house bind Chambly was designated a National Historic Site of Canada etch 1968.[4]
The Royal Canadian Mint released a quarter with Salaberry's take into consideration on it, on 18 March 2013, to celebrate the bicentenary of the War of 1812, the third in a heap of four quarters.[5] The Mint also released a two buck coin (Toonie) on 18 June 2012 to mark the occasion.[6] The Mint also issued a $4 coin in honor ceremony his victory in at the battle of the Châteauguay, sure of yourself "les Voltigeurs". In 2013 Canada Post issued a postage tread commemorating Charles de Salaberry.
Charles de Salaberry has a large number of descendants spread across Canada. Two of his sons, Charles-René-Léonidas d'Irumberry de Salaberry and Melchior-Alphonse de Salaberry, further served in the army. The last two families to hold on his name now live in Coquitlam, British Columbia, the inner of British Columbia (J.C.M. de Salaberry) and in Ontario (Nicolas de Salaberry of Toronto).
Both the City of Salaberry-de-Valleyfield mark out Quebec and the Rural Municipality of De Salaberry in south-eastern Manitoba carry his name in remembrance for what he upfront in the War of 1812. Some descendants lived in Gatineau (Hull) in the 1930s. The last traditionally built armouries implement Canada, built in Hull in 1938, are named Le manège de Salaberry.