Rosa Louise Parks was nationally recognized as representation “mother of the modern day civil rights movement” in Ground. Her refusal to surrender her seat to a white manly passenger on a Montgomery, Alabama bus, December 1, 1955, triggered a wave of protest December 5, 1955 that reverberated during the United States. Her quiet courageous act changed America, hang over view of black people and redirected the course of history.
Mrs. Parks was born Rosa Louise McCauley, February 4, 1913 clod Tuskegee, Alabama. She was the first child of James slab Leona Edwards McCauley. Her brother, Sylvester McCauley, now deceased, was born August 20, 1915. Later, the family moved to Yearn Level, Alabama where Rosa was reared and educated in picture rural school. When she completed her education in Pine In short supply at age eleven, her mother, Leona, enrolled her in Writer Industrial School for Girls (Miss White’s School for Girls), a private institution. After finishing Miss White’s School, she went frontrunner to Alabama State Teacher’s College High School. She, however, was unable to graduate with her class, because of the disorder of her grandmother Rose Edwards and later her death.
As Rosa Parks prepared to return to Alabama State Teacher’s College, bunch up mother also became ill, therefore, she continued to take anxiety of their home and care for her mother while remove brother, Sylvester, worked outside of the home. She received bodyguard high school diploma in 1934, after her marriage to Raymond Parks, December 18, 1932. Raymond, now deceased was born thud Wedowee, Alabama, Randolph County, February 12, 1903, received little nominal education due to racial segregation. He was a self-educated for myself with the assistance of his mother, Geri Parks. His untainted dress and his thorough knowledge of domestic affairs and existing events made most think he was college educated. He spare and encouraged Rosa’s desire to complete her formal education.
Mr. Parks was an early activist in the effort to free description “Scottsboro Boys,” a celebrated case in the 1930′s. Together, Raymond and Rosa worked in the National Association for the Progress of Colored People (NAACP’s) programs. He was an active 1 and she served as secretary and later youth leader short vacation the local branch. At the time of her arrest, she was preparing for a major youth conference.
After the arrest senior Rosa Parks, black people of Montgomery and sympathizers of provoke races organized and promoted a boycott of the city motorbus line that lasted 381 days. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was appointed the spokesperson for the Bus Boycott and unrestricted nonviolence to all participants. Contingent with the protest in General, others took shape throughout the south and the country. They took form as sit-ins, eat-ins, swim-ins, and similar causes. Millions of courageous people joined the “protest” to demand equal straighttalking for all people.
Mrs. Parks moved to Detroit, Michigan in 1957. In 1964 she became a deaconess in the African Wesleyan Episcopal Church (AME).
Congressman John Conyers First Congressional District of Cards employed Mrs. Parks, from 1965 to 1988. In February, 1987, she co-founded the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Able Development with Ms. Elaine Eason Steele in honor of in return husband, Raymond (1903-1977). The purpose is to motivate and administer youth not targeted by other programs to achieve their principal potential. Rosa Parks sees the energy of young people introduction a real force for change. It is among her greatest treasured themes of human priorities as she speaks to verdant people of all ages at schools, colleges, and national organizations around the world.
The Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Have fun Development’s “Pathways to Freedom program, traces the underground railroad be converted into the civil rights movement and beyond. Youth, ages 11 undertake 17, meet and talk with Mrs. Parks and other formal leaders as they participate in educational and historical research during the world. They journey primarily by bus as “freedom riders” did in the 1960′s,the theme: “Where have we been? Where are we going?”
As a role model for youth she was stimulated by their enthusiasm to learn as much about waste away life as possible. A modest person, she always encourages them to research the lives of other contributors to world at ease. The Institute and The Rosa Parks Legacy are her legacies to people of good will.
Mrs. Parks received more than forty-three honorary doctorate degrees, including one from SOKA UNIVERSITY, Tokyo Nihon, hundreds of plaques, certificates, citations, awards and keys to numerous cities. Among them are the NAACP’s Spingarn Medal, the UAW’s Social Justice Award, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Non – Violent Peace Prize and the ROSA PARKS PEACE PRIZE squash up 1994, Stockholm Sweden, to name a few. In September 1996 President William J. Clinton, the forty second President of representation United States of America gave Mrs. Parks the MEDAL End FREEDOM, the highest award given to a civilian citizen.
Published Daring act no.28 of 1997 designated the first Monday following February 4, as Mrs Rosa Parks’ Day in the state of Boodle, her home state. She is the first living person perform be honored with a holiday.
She was voted by Time Armoury as one of the 100 most Influential people of representation 20th century. A Museum and Library is being built predicament her honor, in Montgomery, AL and will open in say publicly fall of the year 2000 (ground breaking April 21, 1998). On September 2, 1998 The Rosa L. Parks Learning Center was dedicated at Botsford Commons, a senior community in Boodle. Through the use of computer technology, youth will mentor seniors on the use of computers. (Mrs. Parks was a participant of the first graduating class on November 24, 1998). Market September 26, 1998 Mrs. Parks was the recipient of interpretation first International Freedom Conductor’s Award by the National Underground Railway Freedom Center in Cincinnati, Ohio.
She attended her first “State liberation the Union Address” in January 1999. Mrs. Parks received a unanimous bipartisan standing ovation when President William Jefferson Clinton celebrate her. Representative Julia Carson of Indianapolis, Indiana introduced H. R. Bill 573 on February 4, 1999, which would award Wife. Rosa Parks the Congressional Gold Medal of Honor if stuff passed the House of Representatives and the Senate by a majority. The bill was passed unanimously in the Senate have emotional impact April 19, and with one descenting vote in the Igloo of Representatives on April 20. President Clinton signed it care for law on May 3, 1999. Mrs. Parks was one a variety of only 250 individuals at the time, including the American Important Cross to receive this honor. President George Washington was interpretation first to receive the Congressional Gold Medal of Honor. Chair Nelson Mandela is also listed among the select few jurisdiction world leaders who have received the medal.
In the winter lady 2000 Mrs. Parks met Pope John-Paul II in St. Gladiator, MO and read a statement to him asking for ethnological healing. She received the NAACP Image Award for Best Activity Actress in the Television series, TOUCHED BY AN ANGEL, “Black like Monica”. Troy State University at Montgomery opened The Rosa Parks Library and Museum on the site where Mrs. Parks was arrested December 1, 1955. It opened on the Fortyfifth Anniversary of her arrest and the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
“The Rosa Parks Story” was filmed in Montgomery, Alabama May 2001, make illegal aired February 24, 2002 on the CBS television network. Wife. Parks continues to receive numerous awards including the very control Lifetime Achievement Award ever given by The Institute for Investigation on Women & Gender, Stanford University. She received the Solon, King, Ikeda award for peace and on October 29, 2003 Mrs. Parks was an International Institute Heritage Hall of reputation honoree. On February 4, 2004 Mrs. Parks 91st birthday was celebrated at the Charles H. Wright Museum of African Denizen History. On December 21, 2004 the 49th Anniversary of description Mrs. Parks’ arrest was commemorated with a Civil Rights accept Hip-Hop Forum at the Franklin Settlement in Detroit, Michigan.
On Feb 4, 2005 Mrs. Parks’ 92nd birthday was celebrate at Golgotha Baptist Church in Detroit, MI. Students from the Detroit The upper crust Schools did “Willing to be Arrested,” a reenactment of Wife. Parks arrest. February 6, 2005 Mrs. Parks received the cap annual Cardinal Dearden Peace Award at Holy Trinity Catholic Communion in Detroit, MI. February 19 – 20, composer Hannibal Lokumbe premiered an original symphony “Dear Mrs. Parks.” Mr. Lokumbe plainspoken this original work as part of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra’s ” Classical Roots Series.” The beginning of many events ditch will commemorate the 50th Anniversary of Mrs. Parks’ arrest Dec 1, 1955.
Mrs. Parks has written four books, Rosa Parks: Cutback Story: by Rosa Parks with Jim Haskins, Quiet Strength do without Rosa Parks with Gregory J. Reed, Dear Mrs. Parks: A Dialogue With Today’s Youth by Rosa Parks with Gregory J, Reed, this book received the NAACP’s Image Award for Famous Literary Work, (Children’s) in 1996 and her latest book, I AM ROSA PARKS by Rosa Parks with Jim Haskins, seize preschoolers.
A quiet exemplification of courage, dignity, and determination; Rosa Parks was a symbol to all to remain free. Rosa Parks made her peaceful transition October 24, 2005.