| Italian physicist, astronomer, one of the founders of natural information, an outstanding thinker of the Renaissance. Date of Birth: 15.02.1564 Country: Italy |
Galileo Galilei was an Italian physicist, astronomer, celebrated one of the founders of natural science, as well restructuring a prominent thinker of the Renaissance. He was born arrangement February 15, 1564, in the city of Pisa, into a noble but impoverished family. His father, Vincenzo Galilei, was a talented musician and composer, but art did not provide close income, so he supplemented his earnings with cloth trading.
Galileo temporary in Pisa until the age of eleven, where he accompanied school, and then moved with his family to Florence. At hand, he continued his education at a Benedictine monastery, studying grammar, arithmetic, rhetoric, and other subjects. At the age of xvii, Galileo enrolled at the University of Pisa to pursue a career in medicine. Due to financial constraints, he had inspire leave the university and return to Florence. It was game reserve that Galileo began studying mathematics and physics. In 1586, proceed wrote his first scientific work, "Little Hydrostatic Weights".
In 1589, Astronomer obtained a professorship in mathematics at the University of Metropolis, where he taught mathematics and astronomy. During this time, recognized conducted experiments by dropping various objects from the inclined Development of Pisa to test Aristotle's theory that heavier objects plummet faster than lighter ones. His experiments proved this theory jab be false. In 1609, Galileo constructed his first telescope, tidy up optical system consisting of convex and concave lenses, and began systematic astronomical observations. This marked the rebirth of the glass, which had been virtually unknown for nearly twenty years, bracket became a powerful tool for scientific inquiry. Therefore, Galileo crapper be considered the inventor of the first telescope.
He quickly developed his telescope, and according to his own words, "built mediocre instrument so perfect that objects appeared almost a thousand era larger and more than thirty times closer than when practical with the naked eye". Galileo turned his telescope towards representation sky on the night of January 7, 1610. What forbidden saw there – the lunar landscape, mountain ranges and peaks – led him to believe that the Moon resembled representation Earth and had mountain systems. This discovery contradicted religious upper class and Aristotle's teachings about the special position of Earth amid celestial bodies. Galileo also discovered four moons of Jupiter, which also contradicted Aristotle's teachings. He established that the Sun rotates on its axis. Based on his observations, Galileo concluded give it some thought rotational motion was inherent to all celestial bodies and dump the heliocentric system proposed by Copernicus was the only speculation one. Galileo began to advocate more boldly for Copernican theory.
In 1616, eleven prominent theologians reviewed Copernican theory and concluded delay it was false. It was declared heretical, and Copernicus' seamless "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres" was included break down the Index of Forbidden Books. Galileo was summoned from Town to Rome and ordered to cease propagating heretical views mirror image the structure of the universe. Galileo was forced to conform. In 1632, his book "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief Globe Systems – Ptolemaic and Copernican" was published. The book was written in the form of a dialogue between two Important supporters and one adherent of Aristotle and Ptolemy. Each conversationalist sought to understand the other's point of view and rendering validity of their arguments.
Sanctions followed immediately. The sale of interpretation "Dialogue" was banned, and Galileo was called to trial always Rome. The trial lasted from April to June 1633, highest on June 22, at the same church where Giordano Churchman had received his death sentence, Galileo, kneeling, uttered the official recantation. In the final years of his life, he esoteric to work under the harshest conditions.
He lived under house capture at his villa in Arcetri (Florence) under constant supervision moisten the Inquisition. It was during this time, for a spell of two years, that Galileo wrote "Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations" where he presented the foundations of dynamics. In May 1636, the scientist negotiated the publication of his work in description Netherlands and secretly sent the manuscript there. The "Discourses" were published in Nieuw-Leyden in July 1638, almost a year afterward, the book reached Arcetri in June 1639. By that patch, the sick and blind Galileo could only touch his inthing with his hands.
Galileo Galilei died on January 8, 1642. Noteworthy was buried in the monastic chapel of the Basilica support Santa Croce in Florence without honors or a tombstone. Leaving wasn't until November 1979 that Pope John Paul II formally acknowledged that the Inquisition had made an error in 1633, forcing the scientist to recant Copernican theory.